Orca - Sierra Club BC
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Orca

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Orca

Orcinus orca 

Appearance

Orcas are the largest member of the dolphin family and can grow to the length of a school bus (10 metres long). They have a large dorsal (back) fin. Each orca has a one-of-a-kind white patch around the base of its fin, a white belly, and a white patch behind its eye. They have long bodies, big tails, and a row of cone-shaped teeth at the top and bottom of their mouths. 

Range & Habitat

There are three kinds of orcas in B.C.: the northern and southern residents, who stay around Vancouver Island and the Washington islands; the transients, who swim from California and Mexico up to Alaska; and the offshores, who spend most of their time far from shore and come close to land only on rare occasions. 

Reciprocal Relationships

Orcas are carnivores and top marine predators. Resident orcas eat salmon, octopus, and other cold-blooded sea creatures. Transients eat mostly mammals, including porpoises, seals and sea lions. Transient orcas have been known to come right up onto the shore to catch a seal or sea lion. Scientists don’t know what offshore orcas eat, but they think it’s a combination of both fish and mammals.  

Orcas have their own special language. They talk to each other and find food using their squeaks and clicks (called echolocation). Residents, transients, and offshore orcas don’t understand each other’s languages.

They are very acrobatic animals that can bring their entire bodies out of the water when they jump. 
 
Orcas live in family groups called pods which are made up of six to 20 orcas.  Orcas face quite a few threats, most of which are human-related. They are sensitive to noise and pollution from boats. They have one of the world’s highest levels of pollution in their bodies from eating poisoned fish and swimming near oil spills and sewage pipes. They are also captured for aquariums and marine centres. Currently, the fishing industry and offshore oil are some of the greatest threats to orca species. 

The Tsleil-Waututh Nation views the Orca, or Blackfish as a teacher and a role model. Orcas hold the incredible gifts of communication, teaching, and hunting. To the Ahousaht people, kakaw~in are a symbol of strength, power and dignity. For the W̱SÁNEĆ, these beings are an intrinsic part of their community and share a reciprocal protection relationship.  

Status

COSEWIC: The southern resident population is endangered, the northern resident and the transient populations are threatened. 
CDC: All populations are RED listed.

More Information

If you belong to a First Nation with a story or piece of information not represented here and you would like to share more about this species, please email us at education@sierraclub.bc.ca

Photo Credit

Gary Sutton

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